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Heading Strengthening Counter-Piracy Responses: The Gulf of Guinea Maritime Collaboration Forum An article by the Gulf of Guinea Maritime Institute Shared Awareness – A Starting Point ​ In the past decade, the world has witnessed an evolution of the Gulf of Guinea’s maritime security threat trajectory – an evolution that rendered the region the most dangerous for seafarers. In 2020, all fifty-seven (57) incidents of kidnapping-for-ransom worldwide occurred in the Gulf; and in the first quarter of 2021, the region accounted for nearly half of all reported piracy incidents worldwide, leaving it as the world’s piracy hotspot, according to the International Maritime Bureau (IMB) . ​ What remained clear during this period was that the region presented a unique convolution of enablers for piratical activities, with an inadequate framework for effective maritime regulation and enforcement. In particular, few mechanisms existed for operative dissemination and sharing of information across the broad range of actors involved – a prerequisite to fostering coordinated responses to piracy in the region. Recognising this, the Government of Nigeria and the Inter-regional Coordination Centre (ICC), which represents twenty-one (21) countries in the Gulf of Guinea, signed a Memorandum of Understanding to establish a regionally owned forum, aimed at fostering shared awareness and military de-confliction. ​ The Gulf of Guinea Maritime Collaboration Forum and Shared Awareness and De-confliction (GoG-MCF/SHADE) seeks to create a viable platform for navies, industry partners and other relevant stakeholders from across the Gulf of Guinea and beyond to harmonise counter-piracy efforts and communication in the region under the existing information sharing architecture provided by both the Yaoundé Code of Conduct (YCOC) and the Best Management Practices to Deter Piracy and Enhance Maritime Security off the Coast of West Africa (BMP-WA). Modus Operandi ​ The GoG-MCF/SHADE functions primarily through plenary sessions, each intended to generate dialogue and result in tangible action steps necessary to foster operational coordination between regional navies and stakeholders within the Gulf of Guinea’s maritime industry. ​ The initiative’s three (3) Working Groups (WG) were formed during the first plenary session across the following thematic areas: Cooperation at Sea (operations), Reporting and Information Sharing and Air De-confliction. ​ The primary purpose of the WG is to identify viable areas for the enhancement of cooperation and de-confliction and to make salient recommendations for each plenary to adopt. To facilitate this, each Working Group includes a subject-matter expert and is chaired by a regional representative. The chart below highlights the major objectives of each of the Working Groups. The SHADE Model has already demonstrated its ability to support the exchange of information between regional and non-regional military forces in countering Somali piracy in the Horn of Africa. Giulia Nicoloso, Critical Maritime Routes Programme Modus Operandi ​ The GoG-MCF/SHADE functions primarily through plenary sessions, each intended to generate dialogue and result in tangible action steps necessary to foster operational coordination between regional navies and stakeholders within the Gulf of Guinea’s maritime industry. ​ The initiative’s three (3) Working Groups (WG) were formed during the first plenary session across the following thematic areas: Cooperation at Sea (operations), Reporting and Information Sharing and Air De-confliction. ​ The primary purpose of the WG is to identify viable areas for the enhancement of cooperation and de-confliction and to make salient recommendations for each plenary to adopt. To facilitate this, each Working Group includes a subject-matter expert and is chaired by a regional representative. The chart below highlights the major objectives of each of the Working Groups. Figure 1: Thematic Working Groups Complementarities ​ The GoG-MCF/SHADE model was designed to work complimentarily with existing information sharing architectures and initiatives in the Gulf of Guinea region, such as the YCOC, BMP-WA and G7++ Friends of the Gulf of Guinea (FoGG). Past Plenaries ​ Since its establishment, the GoG-MCF/SHADE has held five plenary sessions, each complemented by technical Working Group meetings, Working Group chair coordination meetings and plenary session reports. The first four plenaries were held on a bi-monthly cycle; however, a decision has been made to host the plenaries on a tri-monthly cycle going forward. Figure 2: Functional Sessions of the SHADE Model The Fifth Plenary: A Closer Look ​ The fifth plenary presented the first opportunity for the GoG-MCF/SHADE Forum to be convened in-person, facilitating a more active engagement amongst the stakeholders present. The plenary had the theme Sustainability of Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea and provided an opportunity for maritime stakeholders to advocate the need for effective collaboration in the battle against maritime criminality in the region . In attendance were ninety (90) representatives from the sub-region and beyond, making it one of the largest platforms for galvanizing the efforts of stakeholders in operational responses to piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea. Figure 3: Range of Participants: 5th Plenary Session The plenary highlighted, amongst other things, the crucial support of the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) and the G7++ FoGG in advancing the objectives of the forum and facilitating positive interactions. ​ The shipping industry also called for more effective information sharing and interaction between navies operating in the Gulf of Guinea to enhance visibility in the region’s piracy hotspots. The need for such information sharing had to be carefully juxtaposed against a delineation of the roles and responsibilities of different national agencies, while recognising complementarities to avoid a duplication of efforts. ​ Some of the key recommendations resulting from the plenary are indicated below: There is the need for national stakeholders to review and upgrade Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) infrastructure and systems to improve MDA in the Gulf of Guinea. Other relevant stakeholders must also consider the integration of national air assets in enhancing MDA and regional counter-piracy responses. The forum must develop a regular threat assessment for the Gulf of Guinea to facilitate regional naval awareness and industry risk assessment. The GoG-MCF/SHADE should be effectively used to facilitate the joint strategic communications needed to demonstrate regional progress in effectively addressing piracy and armed robbery at sea. Actors at the national level must continue to improve national legislations to ensure a legal finish to piracy prosecutions. The key challenge in the Gulf of Guinea is to effectively integrate all initiatives to address piracy, armed robbery and all maritime criminality into a focused and coordinated effort through the Yaoundé Code of Conduct framework. IMO will continue to play a significant role in facilitating this integration, by maintaining our unstinting support for the Yaoundé Code of Conduct architecture and strengthening capability and capacity. Secretary-General Kitack Lim, International Maritime Organisation - 14th July, 2021 Towards Effective Counter-piracy Responses ​ The Gulf of Guinea is characterised by a complex set of maritime security interventions and initiatives, each aimed at addressing pertinent maritime criminalities such as piracy and armed robbery at sea. The GoG-MCF/SHADE presents a practical opportunity to coordinate efforts by the broad range of stakeholders in the region towards the shared goal of enhancing maritime security. More specifically the SHADE forum has led to the following notable benefits: ​ Facilitation of operational dialogue across the clear-cut thematic areas of the WPs (Air De-confliction, Cooperation at Sea and Information Sharing) resulting in more targeted dialogues across groups with shared maritime security priorities Catalysation of active external stakeholder initiation of effective maritime regulation and enforcement operations, intended to complement other efforts across the region Establishment of operable best practices and mechansims for reporting incidents across regional navies, such as a replication of the Mercury communication platform used within the Indian Ocean through SOLARTA. Of course, the model can only be successful with the full and active participation of regional and international navies, as well as other relevant stakeholders within the Gulf of Guinea in particular, and across the globe at large. As more plenaries are held, it is imperative that action items are effectively implemented and assessed against intended goals, so that lessons learnt can continually feed into a more effective functioning of GoG-MCF/SHADE. [SOLARTA] has gone online, is being used…and has proved to be effective in preventing attacks becoming hostage situations…And that is a big accomplishment in the space of six months. Simon Church, Special Adviser to Forum Co-chairs - 7th February, 2022 …The establishment of…SHADE has enabled working-level stakeholders from the GoG region and outside…to connect and discuss how best to tackle piracy in the area…this has been a catalyst for non-regional stakeholders to step up and initiate effective maritime law enforcement operations… Dr. Bashir Jamoh, Director-General, Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency - 5th May, 2022 1/1 The Institute wishes to acknowledge the GoG-MCF SHADE for granting access to useful resources on the initiative, relevant to the preparation of this article イベントの概要 2021年4月26日、ICCヤウンデとナイジェリアは、ギニア湾での活動に共通の認識と混乱をもたらすための国際的枠組みの形成を発表しました。このイベントは、ギニア湾海事協力フォーラム– SHADE（GOG MCF / SHADE）と呼ばれるこのフレームワークの最初の会議です。ギニア湾海事研究所（GOGMI）が主催するこのオンライン会議は、ICCとナイジェリア海軍のSHADE共同議長の招待によるものです。 ​ ゲストの解説者 ​ 国際海事機関事務局長、キタック・リム氏 ​ 副提督AwwalZubairu Gambo –ナイジェリア海軍スタッフチーフ ​ Narciso Fastudo少将–ICCYaoundé事務局長 ​ ナイジェリア、NIMASA事務局長/ CEO、BashirJamoh博士 ​ 国際海運会議所事務局長、ガイ・プラッテン氏 ​ すべての伝記を見る イベントの特徴 セッションI プレナリーセッション 備考 ヴィジョン プラン プレゼンテーション セッションII 会議は2つのセッションに分けられます。 午前中のセッションでは、この歴史的なプレナリーが正式に開かれ、地域および国際的な高官による歓迎の言葉が含まれます。 プレナリー共同議長は、GOG-MCF SHADEが達成しようとしていることのビジョンと計画を設定することにより、2番目のセッションを主導します。海上協力（作戦）、報告、情報共有および航空紛争解消を代表する3人の専用ワーキンググループ議長が、設定された目標を達成するための計画を提示します。 GOG-MCF / SHADEは、ギニア湾の地域および国際海軍、国際海運業界、海事関係者間の海上協力の大幅な増加につながる有意義な行動と措置を生み出すことを目的とした作業会議です。 海事の利害関係者が彼らの貢献がどこに価値を付加できるかを検討する機会が提示されます。 ターゲットオーディエンス お問い合わせ 詳細については、info @ shade.orgまでお問い合わせください。

Eyes to Sea: What African States Truly Need By Stephanie Schandorf, Associate Director, Gulf of Guinea Maritime Institute January 1o, 2023 To sea, or not to sea? For many African States, that is the question. On a continent bedeviled by a shedload of land-centric concerns, advocating a seaward outlook is almost like screaming at a toddler to focus on their homework in the middle of a circus…a real one. You can hardly blame them for “failing” when the distractions are so difficult to ignore. The continent has a full cardinal compass of insecurities and transnational governance concerns that are impossible to overlook. In northern Africa, the conflict in Ukraine has heightened food insecurity for economies already crippled by the COVID-19 pandemic and prolonged droughts. In the west, an average of five large-scale civil wars and a series of military coups in the past decade have claimed hundreds of thousands of lives and stalled socio-economic advancement at all levels. ​ East Africa? It has been described by the Center for Strategic and International Security Studies as “one of the most conflicted and poorly-governed corners of the world”. By March 2022, over half a million lives had been lost as a result of the war and related insecurities in the Tigray region of Ethiopia alone. ​ The central and southern parts of Africa are not left out of the continental chaos either. Conflict in the Central African Republic has led to unprecedented inflationary pressures and food insecurity, while several parts of southern Africa are typified by inequality, xenophobia and racism. ​ The land-based challenges are as permeating as they are complex, so it certainly seems prudent for African States to focus efforts on addressing them. Look a little closer though, and you will find that within the context of Africa, the ocean holds one of the greatest prospects for a win-win. ​ For one, Africa has the largest number of coastal countries, several of which are increasingly reliant on fisheries, not only as the primary source of animal protein, but also as a source of income. According to World Bank estimates, well over 12 million people depend on the sector for their livelihoods - a figure that is anticipated to sky-rocket to nearly 22 million by 2050. Again, despite being an ailing sector, fisheries directly contribute over $24 billion to the African economy annually. ​ That’s just one piece of the continent’s blue economy pie. There are other traditional blue economy sectors such as transportation or shipping, offshore exploration and tourism, as well as emerging sectors such as renewable energy. Together, these sectors are estimated to be worth $405 billion by 2030 - an amount capable of clearing more than 55% of the continent’s 2021 total external public debt value. ​ But it’s not just about the economic prospects. Whether it is oil in Nigeria, mineral resources in DR Congo or land in Zimbabwe, competition for natural resources has been one of the primary drivers of conflicts across the continent. Again, the ocean holds the answer! A well-managed ocean economy could contribute greatly to addressing Africa’s resource conflicts. ​ Consider the fact that the conflict in the Niger-Delta was largely as a result of pollution from oil exploration activities and the damage that this caused to the marine life and fisheries resources, which communities around the creek were so dependent on. Ultimately, the conflict escalated into the deepening situation of piracy and armed robbery at sea across the Gulf of Guinea, which for several years characterised it as the most dangerous region for seafarers. Again, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU) along the coasts of West Africa has the tendency to destabilise fishing communities and result in conflicts. Likewise, it is linked to a broad range of other maritime transnational organised crimes in the region such as illegal trafficking of drugs and arms, each of which have contributed immensely to creating a conflict-prone West Africa. ​ Arguably then, just as poor management of the ocean space has the tendency to destabilise entire regions of the continent across all levels of security (national, economic, food, environmental and ultimately, human), so also effective maritime regulation and enforcement has increased prospects for contributing to sustainable peace and security for Africa. Africa’s 30,500km of coastline opens the continent up to a far more extensive resource wealth than ever envisaged. However, if the continent is ever to benefit from this potential, we need to shift our focus seaward. And we need to do so now. ​ In contrast to the raging, never-ending battle for resources on land, the calm of the ocean beckons a burdened continent into a new era of economic advancement…an era marked by a more sustainable relationship with our ocean planet. Added perk? The climate will thank us for it. The Gulf of Guinea Maritime Institute Launches the Blue Mentorship Program. November 4, 2022 New program to support the development of a future maritime workforce and foster Africa’s youth engagement in sustainable blue economy careers, businesses and entrepreneurial actions. On the 2nd of November, 2022, the Gulf of Guinea Maritime Institute (GoGMI) launched its maiden Blue Mentorship Programme. The programme aims to develop talented young individuals who are passionate about Africa’s maritime industry, and support novel ideas that have the potential to revitalize existing ocean sectors and industrialize emerging ones for the strategic development of national economies. Through a combination of curated platforms, the Blue Mentorship Program will foster a network of young individuals to meet, share and collaborate on different fronts while expanding their skill set and knowledge base in the creation of ocean-based industries and economic activities to drive long-term value to the continent. ​ In a post-COVID era, youth bear great potential to contribute to the: co-creation of international frameworks and guidelines to protect the blue environment; investment in innovation, technologies, and human capital for developing ocean sectors; actions geared towards effective biodiversity and environmental conservation as well as mitigation of the effects of climate change; shaping of national visions for the sustainable blue economy; enhancement of entrepreneurship within the blue economy; and provision of maritime domain awareness solutions to improve monitoring, control, and surveillance of activities in the blue space. To achieve these set targets, the Blue Mentorship Programme will strive to identify blue economy sector opportunities and provide youth with access to maritime industry mentorship and support services to realize their potential. The mentorship programme aims to provide solutions and resources to improve career and business connections and financing for innovations in blue entrepreneurial activities in the Gulf of Guinea region. It will seek to develop collaborative research networks across the sub-region dedicated to enhancing indigenous understanding of Africa’s blue economy sectors. The Blue Mentorship Programme will build on the GoGMI’s track record of providing unique platforms for sharing ideas and researching strategic maritime affairs, and producing solutions that address the current imbalance in the Gulf of Guinea region’s maritime studies, where local opinions and interests are under-represented. ​ In tandem with the launch, the mentorship programme will begin with a training course that will lay the foundation for the broader activities that will be conducted under the programme. The training course will be conducted on a virtual platform over a series of nine (9) online sessions (including interactive sessions), under the topic, ‘’Youth in Africa’s Blue Economy: Developing Sustainable Careers and Businesses’’, to expose the cohort to various career opportunities in Africa’s Blue Economy and guide them through the variegated pathways for developing related sustainable careers. The training will cover four (4) modules from 8th – 18th November 2022. ​ In line with a commitment to contribute to the efforts of the UN Ocean Decade, the Blue Mentorship Programme will support collaborative research that is accessible and contribute to the diversity and inclusion of young people and females in sustainable ocean development. GoGMI invites all corporate, and international development organizations and industry partners who are passionate about innovation, diversity, and inclusion of young minds in the development of Africa’s blue economy to support the Blue mentorship financially as well as with technical expertise. Next Visit the Blue Mentorship Programme page for more information. 5 Essential Traits that Make Youth Crucial to Addressing Ocean Challenges. By Lawrence Dogli, Programs Coordinator, Gulf of Guinea Maritime Institute July 19, 2022 As the maritime industry faces pressure to mobilize actions for major structural transformations and common shared solutions in addressing the many threats that the ocean faces, the relevance of engaging a workforce in a new ocean front: one that is more digitized, innovative and diverse than ever before, is increasing. ​ What do African leaders need to know about the youth as they forge a course to build a future-ready maritime workforce that will industrialize new ocean sectors, grow their economies and provide employment opportunities for their citizens? ​ In this blog, I want to share five traits that make the youth crucial to addressing ocean challenges, post-COVID. African leaders that fail to involve young people in seeking solutions that address some of the defining issues including marine pollution, diminishing marine and coastal ecosystems, ocean acidification and illegal and over-fishing, risk the flowering of much needed science-based innovative solutions for ocean prosperity. Young people are data-literate. Data-fuelled ocean industries provide exponential transformations in the management of ocean resources for sustainable economic development. The collection of information such as ocean patterns, sea floors, ocean currents and water temperatures could help us manage the impact of climate change, reduce pollution including plastics, and increase the equitable usage of ocean resources particularly in vulnerable coastal communities. ​ As the maritime industry continues to generate tremendous amount of data, countries with more data-literate people will become key to transforming ocean data into knowledge and actions for innovation and sustainability, and ultimately drive actions to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. ​ This will require efforts by various stakeholders to share data, provide resources including innovative platforms and knowledge tools to build a digital ocean ecosystem. Young people will then play a key role and be responsible for collating and visualizing ocean data in planning for vibrant and productive ocean industries. At the national level, institutions that play various roles in the management and usage of ocean resources should view ocean data as a national asset and garner the momentum to lead initiatives that are needed for studying and understanding ocean data. ​ The most successful ocean economies recognise the importance of analyzing ocean data to unlock the many benefits the ocean provides for it citizens. ​ 2. They’re comfortable adopting the ever-expanding technologies, new ocean sectors and markets. The World Economic Forum report on Future of Jobs projects that in the mid-term of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, job destruction will most likely be offset by job growth in the 'jobs of tomorrow'—the surging demand for workers who can fill blue and green economy jobs, roles at the forefront of the data and AI economy, as well as new roles in ocean engineering, cloud computing and fisheries product development. ​ These emerging professions also reflect the continuing importance of human interactions in the new ocean economy and how these can be effectively merged not only with the increasing demand for blue economy jobs, but also with the emergence of ocean-based technology and IoT sensing as well as novel approaches to offshore energy production, sustainable aquaculture, shipping logistics efficiency and more. ​ While there have been concerns of mass job displacement and competing claims to unique human capabilities by artificial intelligence, a robust and indigenous African leadership will be essential to connecting economic and social systems that complement human capabilities instead of replacing them – in areas like ocean science education and training. ​ In all cases, organizations should institute regulatory guidelines when adopting technologies, keeping in mind that there may be friction between people and culture, especially in coastal communities. ​ 3. They are empowered How can the maritime industry respond to the undersized ‘’voice gap’’ of young people all around the world? That is, a gap between the levels of influence youth can potentially have in addressing oceanic challenges given the current global context, and the opportunities they have to speak up. ​ The high levels of imbalance we’re seeing in terms of inclusivity and equity in a sustainable ocean economy, and the policy and economic implications that flow from it, likely has to do with the size of engagement with the broad constituency of ocean users and supporters, particularly the youth. ​ Today, young people are finding their voices and using available social platforms to share their views and lead ocean actions. They are finding meaning and purpose in the work they do. ​ African leaders should seize this opportunity to engage in a new ocean social contract that delivers meaningful progress and social impact while supporting young people to drive change and develop innovative solutions that solve the many ocean challenges. Tenets of such a contract include; Identification of young people with leadership and innovative skills Continuous investment in skills development and knowledge sharing among youth Respect for young people’s voice Generation of opportunities for young people to access perspectives of other ocean narratives and ways of working ​ 4. They respect and understand the value of “good jobs.” Today’s youth have standards: This in the context of an ocean economy means the urgent need to focus on both social and economic motivation as a crucial component of ocean development. ​ As such, African leaders should aim to ensure that the outcomes of future ocean economies not only focus on monetary values but also support people’s needs and aspirations. If not, the impact of ocean values and the contributions of youth efforts to ocean services may not be fully realized. ​ This situation tends to hurt national economic policies as subjective well-being has become a measure of social and economic performance, now known as economics of happiness. ​ Raising young people’s decision-making and engagement levels leads to higher worker satisfaction. Happier youths are more enthusiastic about their work and more likely to stay at their jobs. African leaders should prioritize developing ocean action plans that link young people’s well-being and experience with the maritime industry priorities and transformational goals. 5. They are resolute to advances in equity and the environment. As we navigate towards future ocean governance, it is essential that African policy makers while defining an inclusive blue economy, cultivate fairness and equity in the workforce. Actions include exposing young people to STEM at an early age; making higher ocean science education more affordable and more equitable; hiring based on skill set rather than degree; and assessing and diversifying professional ocean networks. ​ In terms of changing institutional culture, the maritime industry should consider tapping into broader, more diverse youth networks when recruiting staff. ​ For young people in particular, the idea of equity extends to governance and environmental issues equally. A recent millennial employee study found that more millennials won’t take a job if it doesn’t have a strong corporate social responsibility policy, and would be more loyal to a company that helps them contribute to social and environmental issues. ​ In setting environmental priorities for maritime sustainability, industry should consider adopting “inside-out” approaches, which allows for inputs from young people. This approach is particularly essential in terms of strategies for sustainable maritime businesses as it requires convening those who define the culture of a company — including young people — and discussing what the company exists for and the contribution it wants to make in the world – in the case of maritime, ocean transformations. Download Collective Action Starts with You A World Oceans Day Blog Post By: Stephanie Oserwa Schandorf, 14th June, 2022 This year’s World Oceans Day was a great chance to reflect on the centrality of the ocean to supporting livelihoods. However, the theme for the celebration, Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean, connotes a longer-lasting contemplation of the ocean space beyond the single opportunity World Oceans Day presents. It calls for a progressive understanding of the importance of the deep blue and the harmonisation of efforts across the globe towards ensuring its sustainability. Perhaps a crucial first step towards this desired state is to ask this one question: what comes to mind when you think about the ocean? ​ The answer comes much more quickly to some people than it does to others. Individuals living in coastal communities for instance, have a much broader range of interactions with the ocean; thus, the answers might come more easily to them. If you do not live along the coast, or if you have had very limited opportunities to interact directly with the ocean, it may take a while. However, it is important that as individuals who are highly dependent on the planet, we each attempt to figure out what answers hold true for us. ​ Chances are that we may have varying responses. According to The Human Relationship with our Ocean Planet , a Blue Paper by the High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy, we often view our relationship with the ocean at material, relational or subjective levels. This blog post will focus on two broad categories instead: material and intrinsic levels. ​ Let’s start with the material level. For most people, when they think about the ocean, they think about fish. They are right. The fish that the ocean produces is highly essential to supporting the well-being and livelihoods of billions of people across the globe. As a matter of fact, fisheries resources are often the most critical source of high-quality protein for developing countries and the world’s poorest nations. Without fish, a state of food security would be incredibly hard to attain. It doesn’t just end at fish, though. Seafood generally is a major component of diets across the globe and one of the primary keys to building sustainable food systems. ​ Of course, the ocean’s material benefits extend far beyond seafood. Although the ocean is a large body of water, we seldom think of its importance to freshwater supplies. It’s too salty to do us any good, we often assume. Get this: the ocean’s major role in regulating our planet’s climate is the reason behind rain and storm systems that provide the fresh water that is so fundamental to life on Earth. Again, with fresh water becoming such a limited resource in several regions across the globe, large-scale desalination of ocean water is becoming a very real consideration. ​ The ocean also serves as a great source of renewable energy and minerals. Before you even remotely think, “Who cares?”, consider the fact that our planet is battling with some major effects of climate change, largely as a result of our use of unsustainable energy sources…effects that are bound to affect your own future generations if nothing is done about them. The ocean provides a pathway out of this fate. ​ Furthermore, the most under-explored parts of the ocean hold some of the greatest secrets for medical breakthroughs. Unique organisms and ecosystems found in the ocean depths are beginning to point scientists to solutions for addressing some major terminal diseases and the pharmaceutical industry is fast becoming one of the major beneficiaries of ocean exploration. ​ We also think of the shipping industry when we consider the ocean. We think of its implications for economic growth, for development…for the advancement of societies. We think of the wealth it brings to individuals and businesses. It is harder to quantify the intrinsic value of the ocean; these are often felt rather than experienced in a tangible sense. Even if you are not a coastal dweller, chances are that the ocean often leaves you in a sense of awe and wonder. It gives you an opportunity to reflect, meditate and connect with your deeper senses of freedom and adventure, each of which is important to your general well-being as an individual. We tend to underestimate this value when it is, in fact, one of the greatest reasons to protect the ocean. It has served as a source of inspiration to many, inciting creativity, rejuvenating mental health and giving millions of individuals a sense of inner-peace. There’s no way we can put a price on these. ​ It is clear then that we depend on the ocean for our very survival. However, the ocean is facing a host of threats that have dire implications for the services it provides us as humans. It is easy for us to ignore all the raving and ranting about the need to safeguard the oceans…easy for us to look the other way, simply because it feels much better to us to pretend there is no problem. There is; and it is not going away until we take some giant steps. Focus on the broad range of interactions you have with the ocean…on the broad range of interactions all humans have with the ocean. Let that give you the momentum you need to face the problem and take some decisive action. Download Download AN OCEAN FOR THE YOUTH A Holistic Approach to Engaging the Youth in the Maritime Sector By: Stephanie Oserwa Schandorf, 22nd March, 2022 ​ As African youth, we have, for ourselves, a continent that really is ours to run. Africa has the highest percentage of youth in its population than any other continent, and that makes us the continent with the world’s youngest population. At the same time, there’s this vast Blue Economy potential that could well be the key to Africa’s economic advancement. This is in such stark contrast to the fact that Africa has some of the highest unemployment rates in the world. Now let’s take a moment to shift to a global perspective of the problem. The recently concluded United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 26) saw States come together to try to accelerate action towards the goals of the Paris Agreement and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Here’s one thing that was clear: there was a heightened recognition not only of the centrality of the ocean to regulating global climate, but also of the adverse implications of climate change on the ocean and the ocean economy. Throughout the conference, this awareness had to be juxtaposed with the sovereign and competing interests of States and the element of political will – or more specifically, the lack of it. This has been the consistent challenge faced by debates centered on climate change and the need to protect the ocean. Ultimately, it has been a vicious cycle of recognizing the problems; but not having enough political momentum to take concrete actions towards addressing them. This should be of great concern to African States because climate change and its adverse implications for marine life and the blue economy is likely to hit vulnerable African States and coastal communities hardest. ​ So what really is the solution to this conundrum? And we’re not simply talking about positioning African States to influence outcomes at major global conventions like the COP. How can we align African State interests and political will with the ultimate goal of sustainable oceans for a vibrant Blue Economy? ​ We’ll need to unpack this with a few more questions. What is root cause of this disconnect between what is considered as being in the interest of African States and the need to safeguard the ocean? It is safe to say that one of the principal root causes is sea blindness. So now, how can this persistent sea blindness be addressed? ​ The best way to address sea blindness is simply to end it. If you are like me, then it’s safe to say that we were raised as a generation of individuals that were oblivious to the ocean…its importance and the career paths it holds. Now that we recognize this fact, we can begin to push for a reorientation of systems at the national level to raise future generations differently. Ending sea blindness requires deliberate steps at the national level to: Cultivate in our young ones a love and passion for the ocean. There are really some simple ways to achieve this. For instance, elements of ocean literacy can be adapted into school curricula, even it means that they end up being integrated as co-curricular activities. Expose the youth to blue career opportunities. It is really important to let youth know the range of possibilities that they can successfully explore and exploit within the maritime sector. ​ Groom them with the skill-sets needed to enter the maritime labour market. Of course, this definitely means taking into consideration technological advancements in the maritime sector and equipping youth with requisite technical know-how. I think though that what is crucial in all of this is the need to look beyond mainstream biases. Often, we think of only two sides of the spectrum when it comes to maritime career paths – we may think of seafarers on one side of the spectrum and ocean scientists like marine biologists on the other. But we need to break away from this limited focus to see how existing career paths can lead back to the ocean. Public relations specialists and communicators, journalists, economists, psychologists, accountants…each of these professions have unique roles they can play towards ensuring a vibrant and sustainable Blue Economy. As an example, when we shift the maritime security narrative to the well-being of seafarers, we become increasingly aware of the role of psychologists, for instance, in studying the impact of piratical threats to the mental health and wellbeing of seafarers. ​ Here's the central message: individuals in various professions who develop a passion for the ocean later on can always find a way of contributing meaningfully to the Blue Economy without having to shelve away their existing skills in order to acquire a completely different set of skills, even if their main field of work is not within typical Blue Economy sectors. The Blue Economy encompasses so many more professions than we give it credit for. If my passion is to become a journalist or an economist – a politician, maybe – I can still find a way to merge this beautifully with the advancement of the Blue Economy and build my skill-set around that, developing a unique niche in my field of work. The possibilities are endless. ​ Of course, industry practitioners also need a shift in perspective to truly appreciate the wealth of youth they have at their disposal. They need to understand the cross-linkages between the maritime sector and other disciplines to absorb beyond the limited range of youth that have acquired “conventional” maritime skill sets. Organisations dedicated to safeguarding the ocean must equally begin to think outside the box and recognise the truly interdisciplinary nature of viable efforts aimed at safeguarding the ocean space. As a matter of fact, the fluidity and interconnectedness of the 5 separate oceans is the perfect metaphor for these cross-linkages between disciplines in addressing ocean problems. ​ Now that we’ve looked at pathways to ending sea blindness, let’s take a step back. We get that Africa has a rather youthful population…but what’s so special about the youth? Why are they so essential to driving change and building a thriving blue economy for Africa? ​ Well, it’s great that I’m driving towards a major point here with a question because here’s something interesting: history has really pointed to the fact that the most remarkable breakthroughs are driven by asking the right questions. Think about Isaac Newton, who asked himself: “What causes objects to stop when they are already in motion?”. Or, think of Einstein who asked himself: “If the speed of light is constant and it travels through space and time, what does that mean for space and time?”. In either case, the breakthroughs from asking these questions laid the foundation for several global advancements today. ​ According to renowned neurologist, Susan Greenfield, creativity starts with questioning dogma. Enough said then….and on to the next question. Take a moment to think back. At what point in our lives are we best at asking questions? When we are young! So, it really isn’t just mundane rhetoric to say that youth are more likely to generate useful dialogue by asking the right questions. Now this doesn’t discredit the wealth of experience and insights that older generations can bring to the maritime sector. It only highlights the fact that youth have a more unique role to play in driving innovative solutions to the ocean’s challenges. This is definitely a grey area that African youth need to exploit. Now, let’s get back to what I mentioned earlier about why it’s so important to end sea blindness. Let’s imagine a future COP (or any crucial conference centered on ocean governance and maritime security) where African States have taken concrete steps to build a love and passion for the ocean in that generation, to encourage individuals to explore ocean careers, and so on and so forth. What’s going to happen? We’ll likely have a team of delegates attending the conference who truly understand how crucial the ocean is to the well-being of their citizens…delegates who are able to press for outcomes that would ultimately favour the development of a thriving and sustainable Blue Economy. ​ We really have nothing to lose. ​ Let’s conclude on this note. Climate change and its impact on the ocean and the ocean economy is certainly an issue that needs to be addressed urgently, as are all other ocean governance and maritime security concerns such as piracy and IUU; but they are also issues that are likely to remain on the global agenda for decades to come. Grooming a large number of African youth to love the ocean and pursue careers centered around safeguarding it may not have noticeable effects now. It does imply, however, that generations to come will be more sensitised about the ocean, the threats it faces and how to effectively address them. It also means that these generations will be more willing to take collective action towards addressing oceanic threats. Let’s not forget the other side of the coin. African States will emerge with more vibrant Blue Economies championed by its youthful population because we would have exposed them to the economic potential of Africa’s maritime sectors. Illustrations by Storyset IWD 2022 – GENDER EQUALITY TODAY FOR A SUSTAINABLE TOMORROW Reflections on Ocean Sustainability By: Stephanie Oserwa Schandorf, 8th March, 2022 International Women’s Day presents a unique opportunity to reflect on the invaluable role women play in societies across the globe – and to recognise the major challenges and inhibitions they face. The theme this year rests on the intersection between a burgeoning recognition of the need to ensure a sustainable planet for generations to come, and the immutable power women have to drive innovation and change towards this end. ​ Perhaps this intersection is even more prominent in the area of ocean sustainability, where a convoluted mix of threats shroud a myriad of opportunities. The ocean space presents a peculiar conundrum that can never fully be addressed without the inclusion of all segments of society – especially the often marginalised and vulnerable groups. As a matter of fact, case studies from around the world have corroborated the need to include female leadership in the management of coastal and marine ecosystems for more beneficial outcomes. ​ From the protection of the marine environment in general, to advancing sustainable fisheries in particular, investments in women often have rippling effects across entire communities. In 2017, UN Women shared a vivid portrayal of this posit – the story of a 68-year-old woman who defied all odds by becoming the first fisherwoman in her community in Thiaroue-sur-Mer, Senegal. Yayi Bayam Diouf went on to empower several other women within her community to engage in sustainable fishing and aquaculture as a means of safeguarding their livelihoods. ​ Women’s active participation in marine environmental sustainability could also wield much deeper undertones than ever envisaged. For instance, research has begun to show that countries that have larger numbers female parliamentarians are more likely to ratify international environmental agreements . Again, women offer unique perspectives for addressing marine environmental concerns that could otherwise be missed. ​ In spite of these crucial contributions of women, a segmentation of roles within several blue economy sectors has systematically positioned them to earn much less remuneration than their male counterparts. As a matter of fact, women are approximately 90% more involved in low-paid tasks and are usually unable to engage in “higher-value” work based on societal segregations, despite constituting half of all seafood workers across the globe. What’s more, they are often the most adversely affected by major oceanic challenges, from the climate crisis to plastic pollution and illegal fishing. ​ International Women’s Day should represent an awakening of individuals across the globe that the ocean needs women as much as women need the ocean. Productive dialogues centered on the active integration of women into leadership roles to address complex sustainability challenges such as those facing the ocean are a crucial first step driving impactful change. We must #breakthebias…for the ocean. Download Download

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